Today in Nigerian History: Murtala Mohammed, the Leader Who Ruled Nigeria for Just 200 Days

Nigeria has had several military leaders but few left as much of an impact in such a short period as General Murtala Ramat Mohammed. He became Head of State in 1975 and introduced major changes to the country before his assassination just 200 days into his administration. Born on November 8, 1938, his contributions remain part of Nigeria's political history.

Early Life and Military Career Of Gen Mutala Muhammed

Murtala Mohammed was born in Kano, Northern Nigeria. He attended school in Kano before proceeding to Government College, Zaria now known as Barewa College. He joined the Nigerian Army in 1958 and received military training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in the United Kingdom.

He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1961 and later served with the Nigerian contingent of the United Nations peacekeeping force in Congo. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), he commanded the Second Infantry Division of the Nigerian Army.

How General Murtala Mohammed Became Nigeria’s Head of State

On July 29, 1975, Murtala Mohammed became Nigeria’s Head of State after a military coup removed General Yakubu Gowon from power. His administration introduced a series of changes aimed at reorganising the government and preparing the country for civilian rule. He launched a major purge of the public service, which led to thousands of public officials being dismissed or retired.

Major Changes Under Gen Murtala Mohammed Administration

One of the most significant decisions made during his administration was the creation of seven additional states in February 1976bringing Nigeria’s total number of states to 19.

His government also selected Abuja as the proposed new federal capital setting in motion the process that eventually moved the seat of government from Lagos to Abuja.

Murtala Mohammed Assassination @ 37

Gen Murtala Mohammed’s administration ended on February 13, 1976, when he was assassinated in Lagos during an attempted military coup led by Lieutenant Colonel Bukar Suka Dimka.

His death shocked the country. General Olusegun Obasanjo succeeded him and continued the transition programme towards civilian government which culminated in the return to civilian rule on October 1, 1979.

Gen Murtala Mohammed’s Legacy in Nigeria

Although Murtala Mohammed ruled for only about 200 days, his administration left a lasting mark on Nigeria’s political development.

Today, his name is associated with major national landmarks, including the Murtala Muhammed International Airport in Lagos. His portrait also appears on Nigeria’s ₦20 banknote.

His life remains an important part of Nigeria’s history, particularly in discussions about military leadership, public-sector reform and the country’s transition to civilian government.

Source: Central Bank of Nigeria; Nigeria’s National Digital Newspaper Library..